According to related data, at present, more than 60% of urban garbage is domestic garbage, and over 80% of domestic garbage is packaging waste. Waste that can be recycled in urban waste is basically packaging waste. At present, the demand for global environmental protection is higher than a wave, and the treatment of packaging waste is imperative.
First, the pollution of packaging waste to the environment In summary, the pollution of packaging waste to the environment is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Invasion of large amounts of land, destruction of landforms and vegetation It is estimated that each 10,000 tons of waste will need about 1 mu of land. With the development of the economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, packaging waste will continue to increase, causing greater economic losses to the country. At the same time, the discharge of large amounts of packaging waste and the accumulation on the ground will seriously damage the landscape, vegetation and natural landscape.
2. Contaminated soil packaging waste is stored in the open air. After being blown by the wind, the sun and the rain, harmful components continuously seep into the ground, contaminating large areas of soil, destroying the living conditions of microorganisms, and affecting the growth and development of animals and plants.
3. Contaminated water packaging wastes flow into the rivers and lakes or fall with the natural precipitation, causing surface water pollution. As the seepage water enters the soil, it causes groundwater pollution and directly discharges into rivers, lakes, or oceans, causing greater water pollution.
4. Contamination The particulate matter generated during the stacking process of atmospheric packaging waste enters the atmosphere through the sun and wind, causing air pollution. Moreover, the harmful gases released by the decomposition of microorganisms, as well as the harmful gases and odors emitted during the process, will cause different levels of pollution to the atmosphere.
5. Impact on environmental health, spread of disease in the city's packaging waste storage and cleaning is not timely, it will seriously affect the health of people's living environment, resulting in the reproduction of infectious bacteria, pose a potential threat to people's health.
6. Other hazards In addition to the above hazards, the discharge of certain special packaging wastes may also cause special damage such as burning, explosion, contact poisoning, and severe corrosion.
II. Countermeasures and basic approaches for the treatment of packaging wastes At present, management measures and control technologies for packaging wastes are still being improved and developed. At present, there are mainly the following countermeasures and approaches:
1. Strengthening management, implementing strict laws and regulations Controlling laws, regulations, and laws is the standard and basis for strengthening management. It is a powerful tool that must be relied upon to strengthen management.
2. The reduction is implemented, and a large amount of packaging waste using non-waste and low-waste processes comes from the packaging of industrial goods. Therefore, the quantity and weight of packages should be reduced as much as possible, new packaging processes and packaging methods should be developed, and low-waste and no-waste processes should be used.
3. Implementing resources, carrying out comprehensive utilization of improved packaging processes, and creating and using advanced low-waste or non-waste materials and technologies. At present, it is necessary to determine the policy for the recycling of packaging wastes, seek ways to make comprehensive use of packaging wastes, make full use of their economic benefits, and achieve the goal of turning waste into harms and turning waste into treasure, eliminating both environmental pollution and material use.
4. Due to the limitation of science and technology, there are currently some packaging wastes that cannot be or cannot be used. For such packaging wastes, especially hazardous wastes, they must be properly disposed of or disposed of. Harm to avoid causing environmental problems and pollution.
Third, the general treatment of packaging waste technology The disposal of packaging waste is mainly to take certain methods and means to change its chemical or biological characteristics, composition, to achieve "harmless", "reduction" and resources The process of turning targets. The general processing techniques are as follows:
1. Pretreatment technology Packaging waste pretreatment refers to the physical, chemical or biological methods used to convert packaging waste into convenient disposal, storage and recycling forms. Pretreatment often involves the separation and concentration of certain components in the packaging waste, so it is often a process of recycling the material. Pretreatment technologies include sorting, compaction, crushing, and dewatering.
Sorting of packaging waste is the separation of various useful resources by means of manual or mechanical methods, separated and used for different production.
The compaction of packaging waste is an operating technique that reduces the apparent volume and improves the efficiency of transportation and management. Compaction technology is more common abroad, and our country is only used in limited areas.
The process of crushing packaging waste is to reduce its individual size and make it uniform in texture, thereby reducing voids and increasing bulk density.
Dewatering of packaging waste is generally used for the mixture of packaging waste and sludge with large water content in urban garbage. In order to separate useful packaging waste, it must first be dewatered and reduced in volume in order to be delivered and transported.
Drying is mainly used for packing and sorting of light materials after they have been crushed and sorted. The use of such light materials for energy recovery or incineration requires drying to achieve the purpose of water removal and weight reduction.
2. Chemical processing technologies There are a wide variety of packaging wastes, and many of the contents of the packaging are harmful chemical substances that often remain in the packaging waste after use. The chemical treatment method is to make the hazardous substances in the packaging waste into safe and stable substances through chemical reactions, so as to reduce the hazard of the waste to the lowest possible level, and belongs to a harmless treatment technology.
3. Incineration treatment technology Incineration treatment utilizes a high-temperature thermal decomposition method, which causes the packaging waste to become small in volume and harmful to the environment. The incineration of packaging waste can generally reduce the volume by 80% to 90%. The harmful substances in some packages can destroy the tissue structure or kill pathogens to achieve the purpose of detoxification and detoxification. The incineration method has developed rapidly in developed countries and has formed a complete set of processing equipment and systems. The advantage is that the heat energy released from the combustion of waste can be utilized. According to general estimates, the burning of 1 kg (after processing and sorting) of packaging waste can generate 0.5 kg of steam, and it will be a lot to fully utilize it. Resources.
4. Pyrolysis treatment technology Because many of the packaging materials are organic compounds, they are thermally unstable, so when they are placed under high temperature conditions without oxygen or oxygen, such organic substances will occur under the combined action of decomposition and condensation. Cleavage, conversion to smaller molecular weight gaseous, liquid and solid components. Pyrolysis treatment technology is to use this characteristic of organic packaging wastes, a method of harmless treatment under high temperature anaerobic or anoxic conditions. Pyrolysis is a completely different process than incineration. Burning heat can recycle this heat, and pyrolysis is endothermic. The products of incineration are mainly carbon dioxide and water, which have no use value; and the products of pyrolysis are mainly flammable low molecular compounds: gaseous hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, liquid methanol, acetone, acetic acid, acetaldehyde and other organic substances and tars, solvents Oils, solids, mainly coke or carbon black, can be recycled for these products.
5. Microbial Decomposition Technology Microbial decomposition technology refers to the transformation of easily biodegradable organic components of packaging waste into humic fertilizers, biogas or other chemical conversion products, such as feed protein, ethanol, through the use of microorganisms that are widely distributed in nature. Or sugar, to achieve a harmless treatment of packaging waste. The greatest advantage of this technology is that it is possible to recycle the final product and achieve the resource utilization of packaging waste. This is a promising method.
IV. Recycling and comprehensive utilization "Waste" is only a relative concept and it is relative to users. Some packaging wastes are raw materials that can be directly used in the production of certain industries. Most packaging wastes can be recycled through a certain technology and can also be used to recover a variety of useful resources. Therefore, any kind of packaging waste may have its practical value, but due to its lack of understanding or limited by certain conditions, it has not yet found a suitable use, or has not been applied for a while. From the point of view of rational and economical use of natural resources, all substances called "waste" are potential resources and should seek reasonable ways to use them. Recycling is such a process of recycling packaging waste to recover energy and resources.
With the rapid development of the economy, the amount of packaging waste has also surprisingly increased. Under such circumstances, if a resource recovery system can be established on a large scale, it will reduce the waste of raw materials and reduce the amount of packaging waste discharged, transported and handled. This will not only protect the environment, but also produce significant economic and social benefits. The practice of resource recycling of packaging waste in various countries of the world shows that there is great potential for the recycling of packaging waste.
To make comprehensive use of packaging waste, we must first establish a resource system. Recycling system refers to the products processed from raw materials, which become waste after people's consumption, and then introduce a new production and consumption circulatory system. As far as the society as a whole is concerned, it is a continuously circulating system of production → consumption → waste → reproduction.
The resource system consists of two systems. The pre-system is a combination of related processing technologies such as crushing technology, sorting technology, etc., to form a processing and raw material sorting process, so that the organic materials that can be biodegraded can be collected and collected to provide favorable conditions for the post-processing system. The latter system is a chemically convertible or bioconvertible material that has been processed and processed in the previous system, processed by chemical or biological conversion technology, and converted into products and energy.
In short, once packaging waste is produced, it must try every means to make use of it, make it resource-efficient, and bring its economic benefits into full play. This is the best policy. The packaging waste that cannot be or cannot be used at present, especially the hazardous waste contained therein, must be properly disposed of to render it harmless so as to avoid causing environmental problems and public hazards.
Considering that our country's resources are not a sufficient national condition and the rapid economic development trend, the current treatment of packaging waste should focus on the research and development of resource-based technologies, and pave the way for the promotion and application of research results to create necessary conditions. . Of course, harmless technologies must also be vigorously developed and popularized. (Yang Wenliang Xin Qiaojuan)
First, the pollution of packaging waste to the environment In summary, the pollution of packaging waste to the environment is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Invasion of large amounts of land, destruction of landforms and vegetation It is estimated that each 10,000 tons of waste will need about 1 mu of land. With the development of the economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, packaging waste will continue to increase, causing greater economic losses to the country. At the same time, the discharge of large amounts of packaging waste and the accumulation on the ground will seriously damage the landscape, vegetation and natural landscape.
2. Contaminated soil packaging waste is stored in the open air. After being blown by the wind, the sun and the rain, harmful components continuously seep into the ground, contaminating large areas of soil, destroying the living conditions of microorganisms, and affecting the growth and development of animals and plants.
3. Contaminated water packaging wastes flow into the rivers and lakes or fall with the natural precipitation, causing surface water pollution. As the seepage water enters the soil, it causes groundwater pollution and directly discharges into rivers, lakes, or oceans, causing greater water pollution.
4. Contamination The particulate matter generated during the stacking process of atmospheric packaging waste enters the atmosphere through the sun and wind, causing air pollution. Moreover, the harmful gases released by the decomposition of microorganisms, as well as the harmful gases and odors emitted during the process, will cause different levels of pollution to the atmosphere.
5. Impact on environmental health, spread of disease in the city's packaging waste storage and cleaning is not timely, it will seriously affect the health of people's living environment, resulting in the reproduction of infectious bacteria, pose a potential threat to people's health.
6. Other hazards In addition to the above hazards, the discharge of certain special packaging wastes may also cause special damage such as burning, explosion, contact poisoning, and severe corrosion.
II. Countermeasures and basic approaches for the treatment of packaging wastes At present, management measures and control technologies for packaging wastes are still being improved and developed. At present, there are mainly the following countermeasures and approaches:
1. Strengthening management, implementing strict laws and regulations Controlling laws, regulations, and laws is the standard and basis for strengthening management. It is a powerful tool that must be relied upon to strengthen management.
2. The reduction is implemented, and a large amount of packaging waste using non-waste and low-waste processes comes from the packaging of industrial goods. Therefore, the quantity and weight of packages should be reduced as much as possible, new packaging processes and packaging methods should be developed, and low-waste and no-waste processes should be used.
3. Implementing resources, carrying out comprehensive utilization of improved packaging processes, and creating and using advanced low-waste or non-waste materials and technologies. At present, it is necessary to determine the policy for the recycling of packaging wastes, seek ways to make comprehensive use of packaging wastes, make full use of their economic benefits, and achieve the goal of turning waste into harms and turning waste into treasure, eliminating both environmental pollution and material use.
4. Due to the limitation of science and technology, there are currently some packaging wastes that cannot be or cannot be used. For such packaging wastes, especially hazardous wastes, they must be properly disposed of or disposed of. Harm to avoid causing environmental problems and pollution.
Third, the general treatment of packaging waste technology The disposal of packaging waste is mainly to take certain methods and means to change its chemical or biological characteristics, composition, to achieve "harmless", "reduction" and resources The process of turning targets. The general processing techniques are as follows:
1. Pretreatment technology Packaging waste pretreatment refers to the physical, chemical or biological methods used to convert packaging waste into convenient disposal, storage and recycling forms. Pretreatment often involves the separation and concentration of certain components in the packaging waste, so it is often a process of recycling the material. Pretreatment technologies include sorting, compaction, crushing, and dewatering.
Sorting of packaging waste is the separation of various useful resources by means of manual or mechanical methods, separated and used for different production.
The compaction of packaging waste is an operating technique that reduces the apparent volume and improves the efficiency of transportation and management. Compaction technology is more common abroad, and our country is only used in limited areas.
The process of crushing packaging waste is to reduce its individual size and make it uniform in texture, thereby reducing voids and increasing bulk density.
Dewatering of packaging waste is generally used for the mixture of packaging waste and sludge with large water content in urban garbage. In order to separate useful packaging waste, it must first be dewatered and reduced in volume in order to be delivered and transported.
Drying is mainly used for packing and sorting of light materials after they have been crushed and sorted. The use of such light materials for energy recovery or incineration requires drying to achieve the purpose of water removal and weight reduction.
2. Chemical processing technologies There are a wide variety of packaging wastes, and many of the contents of the packaging are harmful chemical substances that often remain in the packaging waste after use. The chemical treatment method is to make the hazardous substances in the packaging waste into safe and stable substances through chemical reactions, so as to reduce the hazard of the waste to the lowest possible level, and belongs to a harmless treatment technology.
3. Incineration treatment technology Incineration treatment utilizes a high-temperature thermal decomposition method, which causes the packaging waste to become small in volume and harmful to the environment. The incineration of packaging waste can generally reduce the volume by 80% to 90%. The harmful substances in some packages can destroy the tissue structure or kill pathogens to achieve the purpose of detoxification and detoxification. The incineration method has developed rapidly in developed countries and has formed a complete set of processing equipment and systems. The advantage is that the heat energy released from the combustion of waste can be utilized. According to general estimates, the burning of 1 kg (after processing and sorting) of packaging waste can generate 0.5 kg of steam, and it will be a lot to fully utilize it. Resources.
4. Pyrolysis treatment technology Because many of the packaging materials are organic compounds, they are thermally unstable, so when they are placed under high temperature conditions without oxygen or oxygen, such organic substances will occur under the combined action of decomposition and condensation. Cleavage, conversion to smaller molecular weight gaseous, liquid and solid components. Pyrolysis treatment technology is to use this characteristic of organic packaging wastes, a method of harmless treatment under high temperature anaerobic or anoxic conditions. Pyrolysis is a completely different process than incineration. Burning heat can recycle this heat, and pyrolysis is endothermic. The products of incineration are mainly carbon dioxide and water, which have no use value; and the products of pyrolysis are mainly flammable low molecular compounds: gaseous hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, liquid methanol, acetone, acetic acid, acetaldehyde and other organic substances and tars, solvents Oils, solids, mainly coke or carbon black, can be recycled for these products.
5. Microbial Decomposition Technology Microbial decomposition technology refers to the transformation of easily biodegradable organic components of packaging waste into humic fertilizers, biogas or other chemical conversion products, such as feed protein, ethanol, through the use of microorganisms that are widely distributed in nature. Or sugar, to achieve a harmless treatment of packaging waste. The greatest advantage of this technology is that it is possible to recycle the final product and achieve the resource utilization of packaging waste. This is a promising method.
IV. Recycling and comprehensive utilization "Waste" is only a relative concept and it is relative to users. Some packaging wastes are raw materials that can be directly used in the production of certain industries. Most packaging wastes can be recycled through a certain technology and can also be used to recover a variety of useful resources. Therefore, any kind of packaging waste may have its practical value, but due to its lack of understanding or limited by certain conditions, it has not yet found a suitable use, or has not been applied for a while. From the point of view of rational and economical use of natural resources, all substances called "waste" are potential resources and should seek reasonable ways to use them. Recycling is such a process of recycling packaging waste to recover energy and resources.
With the rapid development of the economy, the amount of packaging waste has also surprisingly increased. Under such circumstances, if a resource recovery system can be established on a large scale, it will reduce the waste of raw materials and reduce the amount of packaging waste discharged, transported and handled. This will not only protect the environment, but also produce significant economic and social benefits. The practice of resource recycling of packaging waste in various countries of the world shows that there is great potential for the recycling of packaging waste.
To make comprehensive use of packaging waste, we must first establish a resource system. Recycling system refers to the products processed from raw materials, which become waste after people's consumption, and then introduce a new production and consumption circulatory system. As far as the society as a whole is concerned, it is a continuously circulating system of production → consumption → waste → reproduction.
The resource system consists of two systems. The pre-system is a combination of related processing technologies such as crushing technology, sorting technology, etc., to form a processing and raw material sorting process, so that the organic materials that can be biodegraded can be collected and collected to provide favorable conditions for the post-processing system. The latter system is a chemically convertible or bioconvertible material that has been processed and processed in the previous system, processed by chemical or biological conversion technology, and converted into products and energy.
In short, once packaging waste is produced, it must try every means to make use of it, make it resource-efficient, and bring its economic benefits into full play. This is the best policy. The packaging waste that cannot be or cannot be used at present, especially the hazardous waste contained therein, must be properly disposed of to render it harmless so as to avoid causing environmental problems and public hazards.
Considering that our country's resources are not a sufficient national condition and the rapid economic development trend, the current treatment of packaging waste should focus on the research and development of resource-based technologies, and pave the way for the promotion and application of research results to create necessary conditions. . Of course, harmless technologies must also be vigorously developed and popularized. (Yang Wenliang Xin Qiaojuan)
Other Stainless Steel Cookware
Stainless Steel Cookware Co., Ltd. , http://www.nscookwares.com