To "standardize" to go far

Commemorate the first "World Standard Day" in the new century
Standardization is a fairly complex modernization project. Its purpose is to simplify the variety, avoid confusion, reduce errors and improve efficiency, so as to obtain the best economic benefits.
1 The international standardization of international standards is gradually evolved with social development and production progress. The representatives of the governments of modern countries that began in 1904 gathered in St. Louis, USA, and passed a resolution to establish the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 1906, with Lord Kelvin as the first chairman. China joined the IEC in August 1957.
In 1926, more than 20 major standards groups in the world met in New York and decided to merge them into the "International Standards Association" (ISA). In 1942, due to the influence of the Second World War, ISA officially ceased to work. In early 1944, the Confederate countries formed the "United Nations Standards Coordination Committee" (UNSCC) to replace the work of ISA.
On October 14, 1946, 64 representatives from 25 countries of the UNSCC Committee convened a conference in London and decided to establish a new International Standards Organization ISO, "to promote the coordination and unification of international industrial standards." On February 23, 1947, ISO officially announced its establishment, becoming the world's largest standardization organization and becoming a UN advisory body. New China added ISO in August 1978.
On October 14, 1969, all countries in the world held the first "World Standard Day" grand celebration. Today, ISO has more than 100 member families, and has more than 3,000 technical committees, sub-committees and working groups. Tens of thousands of experts from around the world participate in the formulation of international standards. There are more than 10 ISO meetings in the world every day. Held.
International standardization cannot be separated from international organizations, regional organizations and relevant national institutions. The main organizations involved in packing, storage and transportation are BIPM (established in 1875), FAO of the United Nations (1945), WHO (1948), CAC (1962), international electrical equipment. Commission CEE (1926), ICAO (ICAO, 1945), IDF (1903), International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) (1926, Refrigerated Transport), International Maritime Organization IMO (1948, (Shipping Regulations), OIML (1955), International Organization of Legal Metrology, IWO (1924), International Wine Board, RILEM (1947), International Federation of Materials Testing, UIC (1922), International Union of Railways, International Atomic Energy Organization (1952) , Irradiation Packaging), European Committee for Standardization CEN (1960), Pan American Technical Standards Committee COPANT (1961), Pacific Regional Standards Committee PASC (1973), African Standards Organization ARSO (1977), United States Food and Drug Administration Bureau FDA (1931) and so on. These organizations and agencies have made certain contributions in the world packaging standardization process.
2 The basic measurement of packaging standardization is the foundation of packaging standardization. As early as the beginning of human social civilization, many efforts were made to master the concept of measurement. Ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, and ancient Rome all formed their own measurement methods. Such as the ancient Greek dracma, ancient Rome's libra (pounds), one-twelfth of a pound unicae (later became British ounces), ancient China's "two", "second" and so on. Most of the units used in Eurasia in the Middle Ages were found in the Roman Empire. Until the 13th century European countries began to establish their own legal standards for measurement units, the world has always been in the "hundred flowers" state.
The birth of metrics and decimals is a major advance in human society. In 1585, the Dutch scientist Simon Stevin first advocated the adoption of the "decimal measurement system." In 1670, the Frenchman Abbe Monton proposed using the 1 point of the Earth's circumferential arc as the length criterion.
On March 30, 1791, the French National Assembly accepted Talleyrand’s proposal to establish a new system of decimal units. This day became the birth date of the modern metric system (metric system) of the world. On December 9, 1800, French legislation provided for a statutory system of decimal metrics. After 200 years, Simon's ideal finally came true. There is a long way to go to set the standard for "meters." According to the recommendation of the French Scientific Committee, in 1791 a one-millionth of the Earth’s meridian length was determined to be 1 meter. In 1872, the International Conference decided to adopt the platinum-rhodium alloy meter as the new standard. On May 20, 1875, the International Metrology Congress was held in Paris, which stipulated the entry into force of the new standard. There were 20 countries including the United States, Germany, Australia, and Brazil. The CGPM of the 11th International Metrological Congress in 1960 decided that the 1,660,763.73 times the wavelength of the orange-red orange was 1 meter, which overcame the error of the original meter and improved the measurement accuracy to 1 part per billion. The 17th CGPM in 1983 The Assembly adopted a new definition of rice. The meter equals the length of the path that light travels through the time interval of 299792458 seconds in a vacuum.
Time unit seconds, the original average solar day 1/86400 is 1 second. In the definition passed by CGPM Congress in 1967, the second is the duration of 9192631770 cycles of radiation corresponding to the transition between the two superfine levels of the absolute 133-atom ground state.
About weight. In 1791 France stipulated that the mass of 1 cubic decimeter of water at 0°C is 1 kg. In 1872, the International Metrological Conference specified that kilograms should be based on the weight of the vacuum. In 1901, the CGPM of the 3rd International Conference on Quantity of Massive Places stipulated that kilograms are mass units and equal to the mass of international kilograms.
With metric units, the packaging industry is much easier. However, subdivisions were in centimeters, grams, and seconds (cgs). For the industrial and commercial sector, the cgs system is too small to measure operations. In 1935, the IEC stipulated that the official colors should be meters, kilograms, and seconds (MKS). In 1950, the electric unit Ampere (A) was added, and the MKSA system was born. The 10th CGPM Conference in 1954 decided to add two additional units namely K and cd. The 11th CGPM Conference in 1960 decided that the unit should be made "International Unit SI".
In 1971, the 14th CGPM Conference added the No. 7 SI basic unit, which is the amount of material molar (mol), and the international system of units was basically completed. For the convenience of scientific research, industrial production, and agro-industrial and commercial applications, the International System of Units also provides SI auxiliary units, export units, and SI prefixes. So everything in our lives, from the microscopic 10-18 to the 1018 macro, can be measured scientifically and conveniently. Packaging standardization is also more "affordable".
3 Purpose of Packaging Standardization In October 1972, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) compiled and published a book entitled "Purpose and Principles of Standardization", which specifically discussed the purpose of standardization. According to the situation in the world at that time, the ISO Standardization Research Committee (ISO/STACO) put forward five aspects: economy, simplification, protection, safety and health, and provision of information. Thirty years later, the purpose of standardization, especially the purpose of packaging standardization, is more clear. Specifically, there are the following aspects.
3.1 Simplification The modernization of human life is at hand, and the complexity of production is also increasing. The modernization of standardization should first consider the process of simplification. It is necessary to control complexity and put it on track to serve human life and welfare. For example, color TV simplifies the development of dozens of control buttons will have today's brilliant. Packaging has also been able to operate in countries around the world because of its simplification and packaging.
3.2 Interchangeability Interchangeability is an important aspect of standardization in modern large-scale industrial production. It is impossible for two parts to be “absolutely the same”. The standard task is to ensure that manufacturers in all countries can produce large quantities, have the same shape and performance without affecting the benefits of interchangeability. They can substitute for each other and can play the same role. The parts and components products are completely interchangeable in all parts of the world, so packaging, filling and other production lines can also be manufactured around the world.
3.3 The first task of the informationization standard is to provide information transmission between manufacturers and buyers, list the size and performance of the required packaged goods, and enhance the trust of purchases, so that they can trust the quality of the products when ordering. With reliability. When implementing international standards, they often have higher status than national standards, thus promoting the development of modern e-commerce and EDI trade.
3.4 Comprehensive Economy In the whole process of packaging, production and commerce, it is not easy to achieve the best configuration by saving all materials, manpower, material resources and energy. Since each link is stored with each other, it is impossible to obtain the best status in all aspects. It is necessary to make some coordination in the “comprehensive economy”. For example, the largest economy in packaging design and production may increase output and efficiency, but it is not the largest economy for consumers, and vice versa. In the field of quantitative packaging, the standardization of quantitative packaging is to obtain a “comprehensive economy” from the coordination of manufacturers and consumers. Green packaging also needs to be considered for coordination in a comprehensive and economical manner.
3.5 Safety and Health The most precious thing in life is life. Therefore safety and health become the main purpose of standardization. There are many safety and health standards in the world today, such as space suits for flying in space, safety belts for passengers of airplanes, safety facilities for household appliances, and transportation and packaging of dangerous goods. Many countries have established such mandatory standards and enforced them. Products related to life safety and health must be designed and manufactured with great care and enforced by law. The safety and health of pharmaceuticals and instrument packaging is now more emphasized than in the past, and it is also one of the main goals of standardization.
4 The Important Role of Packaging Standardization 4.1 The history of consumer interest protection shows that almost all standards are developed for the ultimate interests of product users, and that the development of standards must consider the interests of consumers and manufacturers equally, despite the current consumption. The standardization awareness of the people is not very strong. With the development of society, protecting the interests of consumers has become one of the most important functions of standardization. The importance of protecting consumer interests through national standards is being increasingly confirmed and recognized. More than 180 countries have established quality assurance (QA) systems for their national standards. The ISO9000 quality certification boom has also illustrated this.
4.2 Maintaining Social Public Interest Modern standardization must not only focus on the interests of manufacturers and consumers, but must also safeguard social public interests more extensively. Typical examples are the Rio Declaration and Agenda 21 issued by the United Nations General Assembly in 1992 and the ISO14000 series of environmental standards promulgated and implemented by the ISO 1996. With the progress of society, the protection of the public interest is moving toward space. From the 1982 UN "Montreal Protocol" to the "Beijing Declaration" at the end of 1999, restrictions and bans on CFCs have protected the public interests of human society. Green packaging also made a great contribution.
4.3 Eliminating International Trade Barriers From the GATT 50 years ago to today's WTO, as the volume of international trade has greatly increased, the requirements for the up-to-date standards of the Union Series with an international status are increasingly strong. With the development of industrial production and the expansion of merchandise trade, it is increasingly necessary to replace the technical rules with laws and regulations in the "Reference Standards" (RS) of anti-international standards. Therefore, standardization must achieve consistency in the quality of the packaged goods, the quality of the goods and their guarantees, and the good rules for their use and use. The internationalization of standards will help eliminate international trade barriers (TBT).
4.4 Facilitating the development of developing countries In developing laws and regulations, developing countries must be specific in their anti-international standards. Only by doing so can developing countries have the right to formulate their own laws and regulations and eliminate international trade barriers (TBT); Only under this circumstance can we avoid tedious legal development projects and make full use of international standardization resources. Only in this way can international trade be promoted, which will benefit the economic and trade development of developing countries. China's accession to the WTO is imminent, and the packaging industry should make relevant preparations.
5 Achievements and Developments of China's Packaging Standardization 5.1 The Soundness of Packaging Regulations In the 52 years since the founding of New China, certain achievements have been made in the standardization of packaging in China. In 1950, when New China was newly established, the Central People's Government issued the "Interim Regulations on the Inspection of Export and Import Commodities" as the legal basis for the quality management of packaged goods. In the subsequent four short years, China established 105 inspection standards for import and export packaging products. In the five years after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, China formulated over 50 packaging-related standards and successively issued the "Chinese People's Communist Party."