Single-molecule laser refrigeration reaches close to absolute zero for the first time According to the British "Nature" magazine website, scientists use lasers to freeze molecules to near absolute zero. This is the first time that single-molecule laser refrigeration has reached such a low temperature. It is a big step towards controlling the chemical and physical processes of matter and manufacturing quantum computers. In the 1970s and 1980s, physicists were able to cool atoms to a temperature very close to absolute zero. The basic principle is to use a laser to decelerate atoms. When atoms are frozen to near absolute zero, they will obey special laws of quantum mechanics. Vibrating in a state corresponding to their low energy levels, this is used as a super-sensitive accelerometer and quantum clock, and the atoms themselves will also stick together to form a "super atom", which is known as "Bose-Einstein" Cohesion ". Refrigeration of molecules is more complicated than that of single atoms. Atoms can be cooled by the laser, because after the light particles from the laser beam are absorbed, the atom will re-emit a photon, thereby reducing the kinetic energy. After thousands of such reaction lags, the atoms are frozen in the range of a few parts per billion near absolute zero. But molecules are heavier than atoms and more difficult to react to lasers. Moreover, molecules store energy in the form of atomic bonds and rotation and spin. These factors make it difficult for molecules to become cold. Edward Schumann and David Demir of Yale University in the United States used existing technology and several new technologies to freeze strontium fluoride (SrF) to only a few hundred micro-Kelvin. The research team used a new method to make the molecules achieve overall cooling in the same direction. First, they chose strontium fluoride. After calculation, this molecule is unlikely to vibrate and hinder refrigeration; then, they chose a beam of colored lasers to ensure that the energy is absorbed by the molecules without letting them spin; finally, they A pre-frozen strontium fluoride was used, and good results were obtained. This ultra-cold molecule helps scientists study the chemical properties of quantum mechanics. At ultra-low temperatures, polar molecules can be regarded as tiny magnets with north and south poles. Researchers can use this property to build a reaction system in which extremely cold particles react with each other. This is done with ultra-cold atoms. Not available. The current temperature is not the lowest, and the research team is trying to cool the strontium fluoride to about 300 micro-Kelvin. The researchers said that the main data show that lower temperatures can be achieved. If the laser refrigeration technology is further extended to molecules, many different molecules can be supercooled and stable. Demir said that eventually ultra-cold materials will be used in quantum computers. Because ultra-cold molecules have "magnet" characteristics, this means that molecules can react with each other through a magnetic field. Enabling them to perform classified quantum calculations may break through the encoding and decoding problems of existing computers and realize the huge computing power generated by the principle of quantum overlap and implication. This is the biggest supercomputer currently unable to achieve due to physical and chemical limitations.
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